北岛在IPNHK2011的开幕式上
维特根斯坦指出:“对不可言说的东西,必须保持沉默。”这是他《逻辑哲学论》的主题。1914年第一次世界大战爆发后,维特根斯坦和特拉克尔同在东部战线打仗,但从未谋面。他收到特拉克尔的明信片,希望能见上一面,而特拉克尔近于崩溃,住在克拉克夫的军医院。1914年11月6日,维特根斯坦赶到那家医院时,他三天前服用过量的可卡因死去。
哲学家和诗人就这样永远错过了,就像他们各自使用不同的语言系统一样:维特根斯坦旨在把可说的东西弄清楚,而特拉克尔则是把不可说的东西表现出来。或许换句话来说,在哲学止步的地方正是诗歌的开端。
在某种意义上,言说与沉默也是诗歌的主题,它恰恰正是逻辑以外的无边的开阔地。正如晋代文学家陆机所言:“课虚无以责有,叩寂寞而求音。”(引自《文赋》),可谓一语中的。
如果可能的话,为了借助诗歌来阐释诗歌,我想选保尔•策兰的一首短诗,更进一步切入主题:
这是一首很重要的诗,甚至可以说,它是打开策兰诗歌的“钥匙”。这首诗有两组中心意象:词和雪。第二段的第一句你改变钥匙,你改变词语,已经暗示钥匙就是词。而第一段第三句提到无言的雪,即雪代表不可言说的。词与雪,有着可言说与不可言说的区别。而诗歌写作的困境,正是要用可言说的词,表达不可言说的雪:“用一把可变的钥匙╱打开那房子╱无言的雪在其中飘动。”钥匙是可变的,你是否能找到打开不可言说的房子的钥匙,取决于诗人的经历:“你选择什么钥匙╱往往取决于从你的眼睛╱或嘴或耳朵喷出的血。”第二段可以理解为写作状态:“你改变钥匙,你改变词语╱和雪花一起自由漂流。”,在这里词与雪花汇合,是对不可言说的言说的可能。“什么雪球会聚拢词语╱取决于回绝你的风”,在这里,风代表着苦难与创伤,也就是说,只有与命运处于抗拒状态的写作,才是可能的。
这是2019年第六届“香港国际诗歌之夜”的主题。
从2009年创办首届“香港国际诗歌之夜”迄今正好十周年了,成为国际诗歌相辅相成的高峰。特别强调的是,这届诗歌盛会共邀请三十位国际诗人和华语诗人,除了香港作为主场,也包括中国内地的九座城市。我们曾说过,如果全球化是“大陆”,那么诗歌就是“岛屿”。在全球化的新版图的背后,构成文明、宗教、意识形态以及权力与金钱等一系列的抗衡与冲突;而象征岛屿的诗歌,成为人类精神家园的保证。
北岛
2019年5月17日
“That of which we cannot speak,” Ludwig Wittgenstein wrote, concluding his Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, “we must pass over insilence.” In 1914, at the outbreak of the First World War, both Wittgenstein and Austrian poet Georg Trakl were both stationed at the Eastern Front—but they never met. Wittgenstein received a postcard from Trakl, and they had hoped to meet, but Trakl was suffering from depression, staying in the military hospital in Kraków. By the time Wittgenstein made it to the hospital, on November 6, 1914, he arrived to discover that Trakl had died three days earlier, of a cocaine overdose.Philosophers and poets are always missing each other just like this, and the systems of language they work in are often at odds: while Wittgenstein was trying to work out what could be said, Trakl was trying to express the inexpressible. Or to put that another way, poetry starts where philosophy ends.To a certain degree, speech and silence are the fundamental subjects of poetry, the vast expanses beyond logic. As Lu Ji wrote in his fourth century “Rhymeprose on Literature,” writing “demands presence by divining absence, knocking on silence in search of sound.”Or, if we might explicate poetry with the help of a poem, I think Paul Celan can bring us further into our theme. In Pierre Joris’s translation:WITH A VARIABLE KEY
With a variable key
You unlock the house, in it
Drifts the snow of the unsaid.
Depending on the blood that gushes
From your eye or mouth or ear,
Your key varies.
Varies your key so varies your word
That’s allowed to drift with the flakes.
Depending on the wind that pushes you away,
The snow cakes around the word.
This is an important poem—it may even legitimately be called the “key” to Celan’s poetry. Two central images are at work here, words and snow. The first line of the second stanza, “Varies your key so varies your word,” gives the implication that the key is the word. The third line of the first stanza, on the other hand, mentions “the snow of the unsaid,” where snow represents the unspeakable. Words and snow, then, distinguish the said from the unsayable, and the task of writing poetry is precisely to make the words we speak express the snow of what we cannot: “With a variable key / you unlock the house, in it / drifts the snow of the unsaid.” The key may change, but whether it will open up the house of the unsayable comes down to the skill of the poet: “Depending on the blood that gushes / from your eye or mouth or ear, / your key varies.” The second stanza presents the conditions for writing: “Varies your key so varies your word / that’s allowed to drift with the flakes.” Word here merges with snowflake, presenting the possibility of saying the unsayable. “Depending on the wind that pushes you away, / the snow cakes around the word”: if what the wind represents is suffering and trauma, then the only possibility is to write in a state of resistance.This, then, is the theme of International Poetry Nights in Hong Kong 2019.It has been ten years since 2009, when we held our first International Poetry Nights in Hong Kong, to mark the pinnacle of international poetry. This year we are hosting thirty poets from around the world, and in addition to our main arena in Hong Kong, we are also holding events in nine cities in China. As we have said, if globalization is our “continent,” then poetry is our “island.” This brave new world may be defined by contentions and conflicts between civilizations, religions, ideologies, as well as power and money, but the island symbolized by poetry represents the promise of a spiritual homeland for all humanity.(Translated from Chinese by Lucas Klein)
安娜 ‧ 露易莎 ‧ 阿玛拉尔
Ana Luísa AMARAL(葡萄牙)
恩尼斯特 · 维茨纳
Ernest WICHNER(德国)
安纳斯塔西斯 · 威斯托尼迪斯
Anastassis VISTONITIS(希腊)
马克西姆 · 阿梅林
Maxim AMELIN(俄罗斯)
玛丽亚 · 丝蒂潘诺娃
Maria STEPANOVA(俄罗斯)
托丝 · 克里斯蒂娜
TÓTH Krisztina(匈牙利)
马丁 · 索罗楚克
Martin SOLOTRUK(斯洛伐克)
阿列斯 · 斯特格
Aleš ŠTEGER(斯洛文尼亚)
安娜 · 里斯托维奇
Ana RISTOVIĆ(塞尔维亚)
安娜 · 布兰迪亚娜
Ana BLANDIANA(罗马尼亚)
米若什 · 别德日茨基
Miłosz BIEDRZYCKI(波兰)
萨奇达南丹
K. SATCHIDANANDAN(印度)
四元康𧙗
Yasuhiro YOTSUMOTO(日本)
雷纳托 · 桑多瓦 · 巴希加卢波
Renato Sandoval BACIGALUPO(秘鲁)
弗罗斯特 · 甘德
Forrest GANDER(美国)
路易斯 · 杜普蕾
Louise DUPRÉ(加拿大)
塞尔希奥 · 莱蒙迪
Sergio RAIMONDI(阿根廷)
塔明 · 阿尔巴霍迪
Tamim AL-BARGHOUTI(巴勒斯坦)
阿巴斯 · 贝多恩
Abbas BEYDOUN(黎巴嫩)
苡若玛 · 恩梅彬忧
Ijeoma UMEBINYUO(尼日利亚)
克里斯托弗 · 卓别林 Christopher Chaplin(英国)米路什 · 卢澄斯基 Milosh Luczynski(波兰)一才锣鼓 The Gong Strikes One(中国香港)深圳卓越儿童舞蹈团(中国内地)
fish.the(中国台湾)
“香港国际诗歌之夜”是由著名诗人北岛于2009年发起与创办的国际诗歌节,活动每两年一届,特邀世界著名诗人共聚香港,进行交流研讨和诗歌朗诵。活动亦延伸至内地不同城市,传播诗的魅力。“香港国际诗歌之夜”已成为亚洲最具影响力的诗歌盛事,也是国际诗坛上最成功的诗歌活动之一。
香港国际诗歌之夜十周年
资助:香港艺术发展局、李威女士
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天水 13911046481 ipnhk1@163.com
邓卓华 18620863868 17956858@qq.com
麦慰宗(中国香港) 852-9381 6304 makpercy@gmail.com
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